Regression analysis predicted that premorbid IQ, executive function, and demographics predict performance on the ROCFT delayed recall trial (R 2 = 0.833). Sub-stratification based on executive dysfunction revealed an association with greater executive dysfunction and lower ROCFT performance. Patients and controls significantly differed on the Copy trial (p < 0.0001: ω 2 = 0.317) immediate recall (p < 0.0001: ω 2 = 0.272) and delayed recall (p < 0.0001: ω 2 = 0.308) of the ROCFT.

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) was the main dependent variable for visual memory in this study. Sub-stratification was based on whether cognitive assessment detected no cognitive abnormalities (NCA: n = 117), multiple executive cognitive deficits (ALS-Exec n = 56), or a comorbid frontotemporal dementia process (ALS-FTD n = 30). Patients with ALS (n = 203), and matched healthy controls (n = 117) completed a battery of neuropsychological tests.

visual memory, considering executive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to illustrate the variation of non-executive cognitive processes, i.e.

Visual encoding in psychology